Apa’Apai Club

Archives | Tonga Islands

Apa’Apai Club

Tonga Islands

Apa’apai war club

Carved wood
18th or 19th century
Height: 41 ¾ in. (106 cm)

Ex collection Laurent Granier, Britanny, France
Ex private collection, France

Tonga Apaapai Club 106 cm / Galerie Flak Sold
Before European contact, the Tongan craftsmen (tofunga) used stone adzes to shape a club. After Captain James Cook’s first visit to Tonga in 1773 and subsequent Western visitors, nails and iron implements began to replace sharks’ teeth and stone tools and surface decoration became even more extensive and elaborate. The sobriety of our club suggests that it could date back from a period prior to the arrival of the Europeans.

The most common material for Polynesian war clubs was ironwood (toa in Tongan), a dense hard wood that could deliver powerful blows to the enemy without cracking and was unlikely to break at the shaft under the stress of fighting.

We know of a very limited number of such undecorated Tongan apa’apai clubs. One of the most famous examples is the one collected by Captain James Cook during his Second Voyage (before 1773). It is today in the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London in the UK (inv. number AAA2829).

As stated by the Horniman Museum, this particular type on Tongan club was known as an apa‘apai. Its smoothly tapering four-sided shape mimicked in toa (Casuarina equisetifolia, ironwood) the shape of a coconut leaf’s central stem. These long and stout, but flexible, stems were traditionally cut down by men of the chiefly class for use as palalafa – a kind of soft truncheon used to dole out corporal punishment and maintain social order among commoners. In this sense, the form is symbolically chiefly and speaks of legitimate authority.

Our example is an especially large example. The deep, fine-aged patina shows subtle variations of hues at the surface. This plain Tongan club is possibly a very early example, dating back to the 18th or early 19th century.
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photo Inupiaq Mask
Archives | Alaska
Inupiaq Mask
photo Kikuyu Shield
Archives | Kenya
Kikuyu Shield
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Ashanti Head
Archives | Ghana
Ashanti Head
photo Kachina doll
Archives | Arizona
Kachina doll
photo Betel Mortar
Archives | Papua New Guinea
Betel Mortar
photo Churinga
Archives | Australia
Churinga
photo Inuit Parka
Archives | Alaska
Inuit Parka
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Ngbaka Mask
Archives | Democratic Republic of the Congo
Ngbaka Mask
photo Faa Comb
Archives | Solomon Islands
Faa Comb
photo Kachina Doll
Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Mumuye Figure
Archives | Nigeria
Mumuye Figure
photo Kachina Doll
Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kumete
Archives | New Zealand
Kumete
photo Mambila Figure
Archives | Nigeria / Cameroon
Mambila Figure
photo Kachina doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina doll
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Mumuye Figure
Archives | Nigeria
Mumuye Figure
photo Ibeji
Archives | Nigeria
Ibeji
photo Baule Pulley
Archives | Ivory Coast
Baule Pulley
photo Edward S. Curtis (1868-1952)
Archives | U.S.A.
Edward S. Curtis (1868-1952)
photo Yup’ik Mask
Archives | Alaska
Yup’ik Mask
photo Model of a boat
Archives | Maluku Islands
Model of a boat
photo Mambila Trumpet
Archives | Nigeria / Cameroon
Mambila Trumpet
photo Baule Figure
Archives | Ivory Coast
Baule Figure
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Yup’ik Mask
Archives | Alaska
Yup’ik Mask
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Maori figure
Archives | New Zealand
Maori figure
photo Phantom Shield
Archives | Papua New Guinea
Phantom Shield
photo Shield
Archives | Solomon Islands
Shield
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Elema Armband
Archives | Papua New Guinea
Elema Armband
photo Yipwon
Archives | Papua New Guinea
Yipwon
photo Imunu
Archives | Papua New Guinea
Imunu
photo Kachina doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina doll
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Agiba
Archives | PaPapua New Guinea
Agiba
photo Kanak Figure
Archives | New Caledonia
Kanak Figure
photo Bannerstone
Archives | U.S.A.
Bannerstone
photo Akuaba
Archives | Ghana
Akuaba
photo Mumuye Figure
Archives | Nigeria
Mumuye Figure
photo Snow Goggles
Archives | Alaska
Snow Goggles
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Dolls
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Dolls
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | New Mexico
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Eskimo Kayak
Archives | Alaska
Eskimo Kayak
photo Human Figure
Archives | Alaska
Human Figure
photo Harpoon Counterweight
Archives | Alaska
Harpoon Counterweight
photo Thule Figure
Archives | Alaska
Thule Figure
photo Female Figure
Archives | Papua New Guinea
Female Figure
photo Pipe
Archives | U.S.A.
Pipe
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Lobi Figure
Archives | Burkina Faso
Lobi Figure
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Marangga
Archives | Indonesia
Marangga
photo Ceremonial Paddle
Archives | Solomon Islands
Ceremonial Paddle
photo Songye Figure
Archives | Democratic Republic of the Congo
Songye Figure
photo War Shield
Archives | Papua New Guinea
War Shield
photo Lega Stone
Archives | Democratic Republic of the Congo
Lega Stone
photo False Face Mask
Archives | U.S.A.
False Face Mask
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Horned Kachina Doll
Archives | Arizona
Horned Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Yup’ik Mask
Archives | Alaska
Yup’ik Mask
photo War Bonnet
Archives | U.S.A.
War Bonnet
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Shamanic Mask
Archives | Nepal
Shamanic Mask
photo Yup’ik Mask
Archives | Alaska
Yup’ik Mask
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Archives | New Mexico
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina doll
Archives | New Mexico
Kachina doll
photo Kachina doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina doll
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Ceremonial Apron
Archives | Arizona or New Mexico
Ceremonial Apron
photo Polychrome Jar
Archives | New Mexico
Polychrome Jar
photo Shaman’s necklace
Archives | Alaska
Shaman’s necklace
photo Singarin Mask
Archives | Papua New Guinea
Singarin Mask
photo Sali War Club
Archives | Fiji Islands
Sali War Club
photo Songye Mask
Archives | Democratic Republic of the Congo
Songye Mask
photo U’U War Club
Archives | Marquesas Islands
U’U War Club
photo Canoe Model
Archives | Kapingamarangi Atoll
Canoe Model
photo Shield
Archives | Western Australia
Shield
photo Lobi Figure
Archives | Burkina Faso
Lobi Figure
photo Mumuye Figure
Archives | Nigeria
Mumuye Figure
photo Thule figure
Archives | Alaska
Thule figure
photo Izzi bowl
Archives | Nigeria
Izzi bowl
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Niongom Figure
Africa | Mali
Niongom Figure
photo Spirit Figure
Archives | Papua New Guinea
Spirit Figure
photo Phantom Shield
Archives | Papua New Guinea
Phantom Shield
photo Tevau
Archives | Solomon Islands
Tevau
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Yipwon
Archives | Papua New Guinea
Yipwon
photo Baule Mask
Archives | Ivory Coast
Baule Mask
photo Gope
Archives | Papua New Guinea
Gope
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Canoe Prow
Archives | Solomon Islands
Canoe Prow
photo Dan Diomande Mask
Archives | Ivory Coast
Dan Diomande
Mask
photo Mendi shield
Archives | Papua New Guinea
Mendi shield
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Ibeji
Archives | Nigeria
Ibeji
photo Poupée Kachina
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Poupée Kachina
photo Bow
Archives | Andaman Islands
Bow
photo Fish reliquary
Archives | Solomon Islands
Fish reliquary
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Songye Figure
Archives | Democratic Republic of the Congo
Songye Figure
photo Mouth ornament
Archives | New Ireland
Mouth ornament
photo Divination Bowl
Archives | Nigeria
Divination Bowl
photo Bioma Figure
Archives | Papua New Guinea
Bioma Figure
photo Elema Armband
Archives | Papua New Guinea
Elema Armband
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Canoe Model
Archives | Samoa Islands
Canoe Model
photo Dogon Mask
Archives | Mali
Dogon Mask
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Agiba
Archives | Papua New Guinea
Agiba
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Female Spirit Figure
Archives | Papua New Guinea
Female
Spirit Figure
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Canoe Model
Archives | Solomon Islands
Canoe Model
photo Chief’s Head
Archives | Nigeria
Chief’s Head
photo Bow
Archives | Andaman Islands
Bow
photo Punuk Knife
Archives | Alaska
Punuk Knife
photo Seal effigy
Archives | Alaska
Seal effigy
photo Inupiaq Mask
Archives | Alaska
Inupiaq Mask
photo Kayak Models
Archives | Alaska / Greenland
Kayak Models
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Female Figure
Archives | Papua New Guinea
Female Figure
photo Winged Object
Archives | Alaska
Winged Object
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Eskimo Child’s Coat
Archives | Alaska
Eskimo
Child’s Coat
photo Thule Figure
Archives | Alaska
Thule Figure
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Thule Figure
Archives | Alaska
Thule Figure
photo Tlingit Figure
Archives | Alaska
Tlingit Figure
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Tlingit Rattle
Archives | Alaska
Tlingit Rattle
photo Edward S. Curtis (1868-1952)
Archives | Eagle Dancer
Edward S. Curtis
(1868-1952)
photo Inuit Figure
Archives | Alaska
Inuit Figure
photo Bear Figure
Archives | Alaska
Bear Figure
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Harpoon Head
Archives | Alaska
Harpoon Head
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | U.S.A.
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Thule Whale
Archives | Alaska
Thule Whale
photo Yup’ik Masks
Archives | Alaska
Yup’ik Masks
photo Kwakiutl Frontlet
Archives | Canada
Kwakiutl Frontlet
photo Inupiaq Mask
Archives | Alaska
Inupiaq Mask
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Iroquois
Archives | U.S.A.
Iroquois
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Dance Ornament
Archives | New Ireland
Dance Ornament
photo Mumuye Figure
Archives | Nigeria
Mumuye Figure
photo Model Totem Pole
Archives | Canada
Model Totem Pole
photo Proto-Pueblo Head
Archives | New Mexico/Arizona
Proto-Pueblo Head
photo Tlingit Rattle
Archives | Alaska
Tlingit Rattle
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona.
Kachina Doll
photo Inuit Bear
Archives | Alaska
Inuit Bear
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Churingas
Archives | Australia
Churingas
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Bear figure
Archives | Alaska
Bear figure
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | New Mexico
Kachina Doll
photo Doll
Archives | U.S.A.
Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Baule Mask
Archives | Ivory Coast
Baule Mask
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Harpoon Head
Archives | Alaska
Harpoon Head
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Sioux Pipe
Archives | Plains
Sioux Pipe
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Ibeji Yoruba
Archives | Nigeria
Ibeji
Yoruba
photo Mumuye figure
Africa | Nigeria
Mumuye figure
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Lele mask
Archives | Democratic Republic of the Congo
Lele mask
photo OBS III Head
Archives | Alaska
OBS III Head
photo Shaman’s mask
Archives | Canada
Shaman’s mask
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Thule Figure
Archives | Alaska
Thule Figure
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Yup’ik mask
Archives | Alaska
Yup’ik mask
photo Edward S. Curtis (1868-1952)
Archives
Edward S. Curtis
(1868-1952)
photo Ashanti doll
Archives | Ghana
Ashanti doll
photo Thule Amulet
Archives | Alaska
Thule Amulet
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Lwalwa Mask
Archives | Democratic Republic of the Congo
Lwalwa Mask
photo Harpoon Head
Archives | Alaska
Harpoon Head
photo Inuit Figure
Archives | Alaska
Inuit Figure
photo Kachina doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina doll
photo Myhara Headdress
Archives | Brazil
Myhara Headdress
photo Ibeji
Archives | Nigeria
Ibeji
photo Kap Kap
Archives | New Ireland
Kap Kap
photo Hemba Figure
Archives | Democratic Republic of the Congo
Hemba Figure
photo Abelam Currency
Archives | Papua New Guinea
Abelam Currency
photo Thule Whale
Archives | Alaska
Thule Whale
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
North America | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Clay doll
Archives | U.S.A.
Clay doll
photo Mumuye Figure
Archives | Nigeria
Mumuye Figure
photo Shield
Archives | Australia
Shield
photo Kachina Doll
North America | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina Doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina Doll
photo Kachina doll
Kachina Archives | Arizona
Kachina doll
photo Phantom shield
Archives | Papua New Guinea
Phantom shield
photo War Shield
Archives | Papua New Guinea
War Shield
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